介绍一本非常实用的聚合物性质测试的书籍（Handbook of polymer testing），尤其适合在企业进行橡胶塑料和弹性体研究的工程师使用。书中详细介绍了样品的制备方法和测试方法，可以查询到各种聚合物材料性质测试的ISO和ASTM标准，是一本值得收藏的参考书籍。如果你即将进入企业从事高分子材料研发工作，建议认真研究此书，可以助你研发一臂之力。
书名：《聚合物测试手册》（Handbook of polymer testing）
编者：Roger Brown
目录：
1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
1.1 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
1.2 Reasons for Testing …………………………………………………………………….. 1
1.3 Source and Condition of Test Pieces ……………………………………………… 4
1.3 Test Conditions ………………………………………………………………………….. 6
1.4 Limitations of Results …………………………………………………………………. 9
1.6 Sampling …………………………………………………………………………………. 11
1.7 Standards ………………………………………………………………………………… 12
1.8 Quality Control of Testing …………………………………………………………. 14
1.9 Test Equipment ………………………………………………………………………… 16
1.10 Product Testing ………………………………………………………………………… 18
1.11 Modes of Stressing ……………………………………………………………………. 21
References ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
2 Test Piece Preparation ……………………………………………………………………….. 25
2.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………….. 25
2.2 Mixing ……………………………………………………………………………………. 26
2.3 Moulding ………………………………………………………………………………… 26
2.4 Stamping from Sheet or Film ……………………………………………………… 29
2.5 Machining……………………………………………………………………………….. 31
References ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 33
3 Conditioning ……………………………………………………………………………………. 39
3.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………….. 39
3.2 Storage ……………………………………………………………………………………. 39
3.3 Conditioning ……………………………………………………………………………. 40
3.4 Heat Treatment ………………………………………………………………………… 42
3.5 Mechanical Conditioning…………………………………………………………… 42
3.5 Test Conditions ………………………………………………………………………… 43
3.6 Apparatus for Conditioning ……………………………………………………….. 44
3.6.1 Air-Conditioned Rooms ………………………………………………….. 44
3.6.2 Enclosures …………………………………………………………………….. 44
3.6.3 Hygrometers …………………………………………………………………. 45
3.6.4 Thermometers……………………………………………………………….. 46
3.6.5 Apparatus for Elevated and Sub-Ambient Temperature ……….. 46
References ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 47
Appendix A – Tables of Thermal Equilibrium Times ……………………………… 49
4 Mass, Density and Dimensions …………………………………………………………… 65
4.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………….. 65
4.2 Measurement of Mass……………………………………………………………….. 66
4.3 Measurement of Density ……………………………………………………………. 66
4.4 Measurement of Dimensions………………………………………………………. 71
4.4.1 General ………………………………………………………………………… 71
4.4.2 ‘Standard’ Laboratory Procedures ……………………………………. 71
4.4.3 Other Procedures …………………………………………………………… 75
4.4.4 Surface Roughness …………………………………………………………. 76
4.4.5 Extensometry ………………………………………………………………… 77
4.4.6 Dimensional Stability ……………………………………………………… 77
4.4.7 Dispersion …………………………………………………………………….. 78
References ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 80
5 Hardness …………………………………………………………………………………………. 85
5.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………….. 85
5.2 Relationships …………………………………………………………………………… 86
5.3 Standard Methods ……………………………………………………………………. 87
5.3.1 Shore Durometer …………………………………………………………… 87
5.3.2 Ball Indentation …………………………………………………………….. 88
5.3.3 Rockwell ………………………………………………………………………. 89
5.3.4 Softness ………………………………………………………………………… 90
5.3.5 Barcol Hardness …………………………………………………………….. 91
5.4 Other Methods ………………………………………………………………………… 91
References ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 93
6 Tensile Stress-Strain …………………………………………………………………………… 97
6.1 General Considerations……………………………………………………………… 97
6.1.1 Tough Materials with a Yield Stress Greater than the
Failure Stress …………………………………………………………………. 99
6.1.2 Tough Materials with a Yield Stress Lower than the
Failure Stress ……………………………………………………………….. 100
6.1.3 Tough Materials with the same Yield and Failure Stress …….. 102
6.1.4 Brittle Materials …………………………………………………………… 102
6.2 Test Methods …………………………………………………………………………. 105
6.2.1 Standard Methods ……………………………………………………….. 105
6.2.2 Test Apparatus …………………………………………………………….. 107
6.2.3 Test Pieces …………………………………………………………………… 116
6.2.4 Procedure ……………………………………………………………………. 119
References ……………………………………………………………………………………… 125
7 Compression Stress-Strain ………………………………………………………………… 127
7.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 127
7.2 Test Apparatus ……………………………………………………………………….. 128
7.3 Standard Tests ………………………………………………………………………… 128
7.3 Other Tests ……………………………………………………………………………. 131
References ……………………………………………………………………………………… 133
8 Shear Properties ……………………………………………………………………………… 135
8.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 135
8.2 Standard Tests ………………………………………………………………………… 138
8.3 Other Tests ……………………………………………………………………………. 140
References ……………………………………………………………………………………… 142
9 Flexural Stress-Strain ………………………………………………………………………. 143
9.1 General Considerations ……………………………………………………………. 143
9.2 Test Methods …………………………………………………………………………. 147
9.2.1 Standard Methods ……………………………………………………….. 147
9.2.2 Test Apparatus …………………………………………………………….. 148
9.2.3 Test Pieces …………………………………………………………………… 150
9.2.4 Procedure ……………………………………………………………………. 151
References ……………………………………………………………………………………… 152
10 Impact Strength ………………………………………………………………………………. 153
10.1 General Considerations ……………………………………………………………. 153
10.1.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………… 153
10.1.2 Modes of Failure………………………………………………………….. 153
10.1.3 Factors Affecting the Impact Strength ……………………………… 154
10.2 Specific Tests ………………………………………………………………………….. 158
10.2.1 Pendulum Methods ………………………………………………………. 158
10.2.2 Drop Methods …………………………………………………………….. 167
References ……………………………………………………………………………………… 171
11 Tear Properties ……………………………………………………………………………….. 177
11.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 177
11.2 Test Piece Geometry ………………………………………………………………… 178
11.3 Standard Tests ………………………………………………………………………… 180
11.4 Other Tests ……………………………………………………………………………. 183
References ……………………………………………………………………………………… 184
12 Fracture Toughness …………………………………………………………………………. 187
12.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 187
12.2 Standard Methods ………………………………………………………………….. 188
12.3 Other Methods ………………………………………………………………………. 191
References ……………………………………………………………………………………… 191
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