冬天下雪道路有救了，因为美女博士发明了一种可以自动除冰的沥青材料。
一场大雪可以把一座城市装扮得银装素裹，然而机动车道和人行道除雪除冰也随之成为困扰交通的首要难题，积雪运输处理也是棘手之事。通常除冰雪的方法是撒盐或其他融雪剂，降低凝固点减少结冰，但是工作量巨大。
近期相关期刊论文报道由土耳其Koc大学Seda Kizilel博士带领的一组研究人员将甲酸钾盐（salt potassium formate）改性过的SBS弹性体材料（苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物）加入沥青中，获得具有自动除冰功能的新型沥青材料，可用于道路施工减少雪天道路积冰雪。
新型沥青所含的甲酸钾具有良好的融雪性，可以充当溶雪剂，甲酸钾盐本身具有亲水性，通过SBS加入疏水性的沥青材料中实现了盐分的缓释功能从而可以“延缓”道路冰面的形成，虽然这种沥青像普通沥青一样坚固。
据了解，在实验室测试中，新型沥青会持续在两个月内释放盐分，可持续融化冰面。研究人员表示在实际路面使用时效果可以持续更久。
如果有兴趣请阅读参考文献：Gelation-Stabilized Functional Composite-Modified Bitumen for Anti-icing Purposes，Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03028。
摘要：Ionic salts as anti-icing agents have been extensively used to eliminate accumulation of ice on asphalt surfaces. However, salt can be easily removed by rain or automobiles and requires frequent application on roads. Besides this economic consideration, anti-icing agents compromise the mechanical properties of asphalt and have a negative impact on living organisms and the environment when used in large amounts. Incorporation of hydrophilic salts into bitumen, a hydrophobic asphalt binder, and controlled release of specific molecules from this hydrophobic medium can provide an effective solution for reducing ice formation on pavements. Bitumen has previously been modified by various polymers, including styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) for improved strength and thermomechanical properties. However, an anti-icing function was not considered in those previous designs. In a previous study, we developed a functional polymer composite consisting of potassium formate (HCOOK) salt pockets dissolved in a hydrophilic gel medium and dispersed in a hydrophobic SBS polymer matrix. Here, we developed an innovative method to obtain polymer composite-modified bitumen and investigated further the anti-icing properties of the functional bitumen. We improved incorporation of this polymer composite into bitumen and demonstrated proper distribution of the composite within bitumen through morphological and rheological analysis. We characterized the anti-icing properties of modified bitumen surfaces and demonstrated significant increases in freezing delay of composite-modified bitumen compared to base bitumen in a temperature- and humidity-controlled chamber. In addition, we characterized the release of HCOOK salt from polymer composite-modified bitumen and observed salt release within the range of 1.07–10.8% (w/w) in 67 days, depending on the composite content. The results demonstrate the potential of this polymer composite-modified bitumen for anti-icing functionality and for industrially relevant applications.
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